Nuaimal Hakim told him to inquire about his own house where his sister and her husband had converted to Islam. When Umar informed him that he had set out to kill Muhammad, Nu'aym said, “By God, you have deceived yourself, O Umar! Do you think that Banu Abd al-Manaf would let you run around alive once you had killed their son Muhammad? Why don't you return to your own house and at least set it straight?" On his way to murder Muhammad, Umar met his best friend Nu'aym ibn Abd Allah who had secretly converted to Islam but had not told Umar. The story was recounted in Ibn Ishaq's Sīrah. Umar converted to Islam in 616, one year after the Migration to Abyssinia. When a small group of Muslims migrated, Umar became worried about the future unity of the Quraish and decided to have Muhammad assassinated. ĭue to persecution, Muhammad ordered some of his followers to migrate to Abyssinia. ![]() He firmly believed in the unity of the Quraish and saw the new faith of Islam as a cause of division and discord. He was adamant and cruel in opposing Muhammad, and very prominent in persecuting Muslims. He resolved to defend the traditional polytheistic religion of Arabia. However, like many others in Mecca, Umar opposed Islam and even threatened to kill Muhammad. In 610 Muhammad started preaching the message of Islam. During Muhammad's era Initial hostility to Islam Like others around him, Umar was fond of drinking in his pre-Islamic days. Umar became a merchant and made several journeys to Rome and Persia, where he is said to have met various scholars and analyzed Roman and Persian societies. He was also a gifted orator who succeeded his father as an arbitrator among the tribes. He was tall, physically powerful and a renowned wrestler. According to the tradition of Quraish, while still in his teenage years, Umar learned martial arts, horse riding and wrestling. ![]() Though not a poet himself, he developed a love for poetry and literature. He used to make me work hard if I didn't work he used to beat me and he used to work me to exhaustion." ĭespite literacy being uncommon in pre-Islamic Arabia, Umar learned to read and write in his youth. ![]() Umar himself said: "My father, al-Khattab, was a ruthless man. His merchant father was famed for his intelligence among his tribe. In his youth he used to tend to his father's camels in the plains near Mecca. His father was Khattab ibn Nufayl and his mother was Hantama bint Hisham, from the tribe of Banu Makhzum. Umar was born in Mecca to the Banu Adi clan, which was responsible for arbitration among the tribes. He is viewed negatively in the Twelver Shia tradition. Umar is revered in the Sunni tradition as a great ruler and paragon of Islamic virtues, and some hadiths identify him as the second greatest of the Sahabah after Abu Bakr. Umar was assassinated by the Persian slave Abu Lu'lu'a Firuz in 644. According to Jewish tradition, Umar set aside the Christian ban on Jews and allowed them into Jerusalem and to worship. ![]() His attacks against the Sasanian Empire resulted in the conquest of Persia in less than two years (642–644). Under Umar, the caliphate expanded at an unprecedented rate, ruling the Sasanian Empire and more than two-thirds of the Byzantine Empire. He was an expert Muslim jurist known for his pious and just nature, which earned him the epithet al-Farooq ("the one who distinguishes (between right and wrong)"). He succeeded Abu Bakr (632–634) as the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate on 23 August 634. He was a senior companion and father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was one of the most powerful and influential Muslim caliphs in history. 583/584 – 3 November 644), also known as Umar or Omar, was the second Rashidun caliph.
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